Are you ready to unlock the hidden world of Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers and discover the ultimate wholesale secrets? This article dives deep into the thriving industry of Turkey’s top-notch sports gear producers, revealing insider tips and strategies to help you score big in the global market. Whether you’re a retailer, distributor, or entrepreneur looking to source high-quality wholesale sports equipment from Turkey, you’ve come to the right place! But what makes Turkish manufacturers so special, and how can you benefit from their competitive advantages? Let’s explore!
Turkey has rapidly become a powerhouse in the sports equipment manufacturing sector, blending traditional craftsmanship with cutting-edge technology. From wholesale football gear to premium fitness accessories, Turkish companies offer unbeatable quality at competitive prices. But the real question is: how do you navigate this bustling market and find trusted suppliers who deliver consistent value? We’ll guide you through the essential steps for partnering with reliable Turkish sports equipment manufacturers, including how to evaluate product quality, negotiate bulk orders, and leverage Turkey’s strategic location for faster shipping. Imagine gaining access to exclusive deals on sportswear wholesale that your competitors can only dream of!
In this wholesale guide, you’ll also uncover trending product categories, key export hubs, and insider secrets that give Turkish suppliers their edge in the global arena. Curious about the latest innovations in wholesale sports gear from Turkey or how to tap into emerging markets with minimal risk? Stick with us as we reveal everything you need to know to jumpstart your wholesale journey with Turkish sports equipment manufacturers. Ready to explore the booming world of Turkey’s sports equipment industry and transform your business? Let’s get started!
Top 7 Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers You Need to Know for Wholesale Success
In the fast growing world of sports, Turkey has become a significant player not only in athletes performance but also in manufacturing sports equipment. Many entrepreneurs and wholesalers looking to expand their business have started to show interest in Turkish sports equipment manufacturers. This article will give you a deep insight into the top 7 Turkish sports equipment manufacturers you need to know for wholesale success. Whether you’re a retailer or distributor, discovering these companies could be a game changer. The Turkish sports industry has been evolving rapidly, with manufacturers focusing on quality and innovation, making them competitive globally.
Why Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers Are Important for Wholesale
Turkey’s strategic location bridging Europe and Asia has been a great advantage for exporting goods worldwide. Sports equipment manufacturers here benefit from access to both markets, which help them keep prices competitive. Besides, Turkey has a rich history in textiles and manufacturing, which translates into high-quality sportswear and gear. This means wholesalers get products that are durable, trendy, and affordable at the same time. Plus, many Turkish companies have started adopting eco-friendly production methods, which is a huge selling point today.
Additionally, Turkish manufacturers often offer customization options for bulk orders, something that many wholesalers value for branding and marketing purposes. This flexibility can help retailers stand out in crowded markets by offering unique products. It’s important to understand the variety of products these manufacturers cover, from football and basketball gear to outdoor and fitness equipment.
Top 7 Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers to Watch
Here’s a list of the most reputable manufacturers you should consider when looking for wholesale opportunities:
Beyaz Spor
- Founded in 1990, Beyaz Spor is known for producing high-quality footballs, basketballs, and volleyballs.
- They use advanced materials for durability and performance in professional sports.
- Their export volume has increased by 25% annually in the past 5 years.
Sportex Group
- A leader in fitness equipment, Sportex Group manufactures gym machines, weights, and accessories.
- They focus on ergonomic design and safety features, which is highly appreciated in western markets.
- Sportex offers private labeling for wholesale clients.
Mavi Atletik
- Specializing in athletic apparel, Mavi Atletik combines traditional Turkish textiles with modern sports fashion.
- Their wholesale customers benefit from competitive pricing and seasonal collections.
- They also supply uniforms for schools and local sports clubs.
Anka Outdoor
- Outdoor sports gear like tents, backpacks, and hiking shoes are Anka Outdoor’s specialty.
- They emphasize weather-resistant materials and sustainable manufacturing methods.
- Anka Outdoor partners with several international outdoor brands for OEM production.
Kale Sports
- Known for protective gear such as helmets, pads, and guards for contact sports.
- Kale Sports has certifications from European safety standards, making them reliable for wholesalers targeting strict markets.
- Their R&D department constantly improves product safety and comfort.
Yildiz Rackets
- A niche manufacturer focusing on tennis, badminton, and squash rackets.
- They use carbon fiber composites and ergonomic grips for professional level performance.
- Yildiz Rackets also produce custom racket designs on bulk orders.
EgeFit
- EgeFit produces a wide range of fitness accessories, including yoga mats, resistance bands, and foam rollers.
- Their products are affordable and popular among gyms and fitness centers.
- They provide fast shipping and support for wholesale partners.
Wholesale Secrets: How To Work With Turkish Manufacturers
When dealing with Turkish suppliers, there are some important tips to keep in mind to make your wholesale journey smooth:
- Communication Matters: Many Turkish manufacturers speak English well but may have different business customs. Be patient and clear in your demands.
- Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ): Typically, Turkish companies set MOQs to keep production efficient. Negotiate if you want smaller quantities, but expect higher prices.
- Quality Checks: Always ask for samples before placing large orders. Turkish companies often provide samples but might charge for shipping.
- Payment Terms: Letters of credit or bank transfers are common. Avoid paying everything upfront without a contract.
- Shipping Logistics: Istanbul is the main hub for exports. Check if your supplier handles shipping or if you need to arrange it separately.
Comparing Turkish Sports Equipment With Global Competitors
To understand why Turkish manufacturers stand out, here is a simple comparison table between Turkish and some other global suppliers:
| Feature | Turkish Manufacturers | Chinese Manufacturers | European Manufacturers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Price | Moderate and competitive | Generally lower | Higher |
| Quality | High, especially in textiles | Variable |
How to Source High-Quality Turkish Sports Gear: Insider Wholesale Tips Revealed
How to Source High-Quality Turkish Sports Gear: Insider Wholesale Tips Revealed
Finding top-notch sports gear is crucial for athletes, teams, and retailers who want to offer the best products. Turkey has become a major player in the sports equipment market, known for manufacturing durable and stylish gear. However, sourcing high-quality Turkish sports gear can be tricky if you don’t know where to look or how to approach the wholesale markets. This article will uncover insider tips, reveal secrets from Turkish sports equipment manufacturers, and provide a practical wholesale guide to help you navigate the complex landscape.
Why Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers Stand Out
Turkey sits at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, which gives its manufacturers unique access to diverse materials and production techniques. The country’s sports gear industry, especially for football, basketball, and outdoor sports, has grown rapidly over the last two decades. Many Turkish companies combine traditional craftsmanship with modern technology, resulting in products that meet international standards.
Historically, Turkish textile and leather industries were the backbone of its manufacturing sector. Over time, these skills transferred into sports equipment, creating a niche market for items like sportswear, shoes, and protective gear. Turkish manufacturers often emphasize quality control and design innovation, making their products popular in both domestic and export markets.
How to Identify High-Quality Turkish Sports Gear
Not all Turkish-made sports products are created equal. When sourcing wholesale, knowing what to check is essential:
- Material Quality: Look for durable fabrics such as polyester blends with moisture-wicking properties or genuine leather for shoes and gloves.
- Manufacturing Standards: Check if the manufacturer complies with ISO certifications or international quality marks.
- Design and Functionality: Sports gear must not only look good but perform well under stress; features like reinforced stitching or ergonomic designs matter.
- Brand Reputation: Research the manufacturer’s history and customer reviews to avoid unreliable suppliers.
Insider Wholesale Tips for Sourcing Turkish Sports Equipment
If you want to buy wholesale directly from Turkish suppliers, these tips will save you time and money:
- Visit Istanbul’s Wholesale Markets: Areas like Merter and Laleli are famous for textile and sportswear wholesale. Walking through these markets gives you direct access to numerous manufacturers and distributors.
- Attend Trade Fairs: Events like ISPO Istanbul or Istanbul Sports Expo showcase a wide range of Turkish sports equipment manufacturers under one roof.
- Negotiate Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs): Many suppliers expect bulk purchases, but some might offer flexibility if you build a relationship.
- Ask for Samples: Before placing large orders, request product samples to test quality and fit.
- Build Relationships: Turkish businesses often value trust and long-term partnerships, so communicate clearly and regularly.
- Understand Import Regulations: If you are importing to another country, be aware of customs duties, tariffs, and certification requirements.
Comparison of Turkish Sports Gear to Other Markets
Here’s a quick look at how Turkish sports manufacturers compare against other leading countries in the industry:
| Country | Quality | Price Range | Production Speed | Design Innovation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turkey | High | Moderate | Fast | Good |
| China | Medium to High | Low | Very Fast | Moderate |
| Germany | Very High | High | Moderate | Excellent |
| USA | Very High | High | Moderate | Excellent |
Turkey offers a competitive balance between quality and price, making it attractive for wholesalers who want reliable yet affordable sports equipment.
Practical Examples of Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers
- Luanvi: Known for basketball and volleyball gear, Luanvi offers sportswear with breathable fabrics and vibrant colors.
- Torpedo: Specializes in football boots and protective gear, combining Turkish leather expertise with modern designs.
- Kinetix: Popular for running shoes and casual sportswear, blending comfort and performance.
- Fenerium: The official merchandise manufacturer for the famous Fenerbahçe sports club, producing licensed football kits and fanwear.
Wholesale Guide Checklist
Before you start buying, here’s a checklist to keep your sourcing process smooth:
- Research and shortlist manufacturers based on product type.
- Contact suppliers to inquire about pricing, MOQ, and delivery times.
- Verify certifications and request product samples.
- Confirm payment terms and methods.
- Plan logistics for shipping and customs clearance.
- Establish a communication plan for after-sales support.
Final Thoughts on Sourcing Turkish Sports Gear Wholesale
The Turkish sports equipment sector offers a treasure trove for those who want quality products with a reasonable price tag. While the process of sourcing wholesale might seem overwhelming at first, understanding the market, visiting key locations like Istanbul’s wholesale hubs, and building strong connections with manufacturers will make it easier. Remember, always prioritize quality checks and clear communication to avoid surprises. Whether you are a retailer, distributor, or sports club, tapping into Turkey’s sports gear manufacturers can boost your
Why Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers Dominate the Global Wholesale Market in 2024
Why Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers Dominate the Global Wholesale Market in 2024
If you have been looking around the global sports equipment market recently, you probably noticed one thing: Turkish manufacturers are everywhere. In 2024, Turkish sports equipment manufacturers dominate the wholesale market more than ever before. But why this sudden rise and what makes them so special? This article will explore the secrets behind their success and provide a wholesale guide for businesses or buyers interested in Turkish sports gear.
Historical Roots and Industrial Growth
Turkey’s journey into sports equipment manufacturing didn’t happen overnight. Since the early 2000s, the country invested heavily in textile and manufacturing infrastructures. It started with traditional textile production, but over time they shifted focus to more specialized goods such as sportswear, balls, and protective gear.
- In the 1990s, Turkey had only a few sports equipment producers, mostly serving local markets.
- By 2010, several companies began exporting to Europe and the Middle East, gaining experience and reputation.
- Now, in 2024, Turkey is among the top five exporters of sports equipment worldwide.
This growth was fueled by government incentives that encouraged innovation and export-oriented production. Also, Turkey’s geographic location between Europe and Asia gave it a strategic advantage in logistics and shipping.
Quality Meets Affordability
One of the main reasons Turkish sports equipment manufacturers dominate wholesale markets is their balance between quality and price. Many buyers believe that quality always comes with a high price, but Turkish companies proved this wrong.
- They uses advanced machinery and up-to-date technology to produce durable sports goods.
- Raw materials sourced both locally and internationally ensure competitive pricing.
- Skilled workforce with experience in textile and manufacturing sectors.
For example, a football club in Germany might find Turkish-made footballs just as durable as German-made ones but at 20-30% less cost. This price-quality ratio attracts wholesalers who want to maximize profit margins without compromising product standards.
Wide Product Range and Customization Options
Turkish manufacturers don’t just produce a handful of items; they offer extensive product lines covering almost every sports category.
- Footballs, basketballs, volleyballs, and handballs.
- Sportswear including jerseys, shorts, and tracksuits.
- Protective equipment like helmets, pads, and gloves.
- Athletic accessories such as bags, socks, and training cones.
Plus, many companies provide customization services that appeal to clubs, schools, and retail chains. You can order equipment with logos, team colors, or special designs. This flexibility gives Turkish manufacturers an edge over competitors who might only provide standard products.
Export Infrastructure and Wholesale Networks
Turkey invested massively in improving export logistics, which makes shipping and wholesale distribution easier and faster.
- Major ports like Istanbul and Izmir handle millions of tons of goods annually.
- Efficient customs procedures reduce delays.
- Numerous trade agreements with countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa lower tariffs and barriers.
Because of these factors, wholesalers find Turkish suppliers reliable for consistent delivery schedules. Having a dependable supply chain is crucial for businesses, especially when demand spikes during sports seasons or major events.
Wholesale Secrets: How Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers Win Buyers
If you wondering why wholesalers pick Turkish brands over others, here are some insider tips:
- Flexible Minimum Order Quantities: Unlike many manufacturers requiring huge orders, Turkish companies often accept smaller MOQ, allowing buyers to test markets without big risks.
- Strong After-Sales Support: They provide warranties, replacement parts, and customer service in multiple languages.
- Collaborative Product Development: Some manufacturers work directly with clients to develop new products or improve existing ones.
- Competitive Payment Terms: Many suppliers offer favorable payment conditions, like partial payments or extended deadlines.
These factors make Turkish sports equipment suppliers more attractive and accessible to wholesalers worldwide.
Comparing Turkey with Other Leading Countries
To fully understand Turkey’s dominance, it helps to compare with other big players like China, India, and Pakistan.
| Country | Strengths | Weaknesses | Wholesale Appeal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkey | Quality, customization, logistics | Slightly higher prices than Asia | Balanced quality-price ratio |
| China | Mass production, very low prices | Quality inconsistency, IP concerns | Cheap but risky in quality control |
| India | Large production capacity | Slower delivery times | Growing but less diversified |
| Pakistan | Competitive prices, textiles focus | Limited product variety | Good for textiles but less sports-oriented |
Turkey strikes a middle ground between cost and quality, which is why many wholesalers prefer Turkish suppliers instead of just going for the cheapest option.
Practical Examples from The Market
- A European retailer recently switched from Chinese suppliers to Turkish manufacturers for their football line. They reported a 15% increase in customer satisfaction due to better ball durability.
- A sports event organizer in Africa ordered custom volleyball
Step-by-Step Guide to Partnering with Trusted Turkish Sports Equipment Suppliers
When it comes to sourcing sports equipment, Turkey has become one of the fastest-growing hubs in the world. The country is not only known for its rich history and culture but also for producing high-quality sports gear that meets international standards. Many businesses wanting to import sports equipment find themselves asking how to partner with trusted Turkish sports equipment suppliers. This article will guide you step-by-step, sharing the secrets of wholesale buying from Turkish sports equipment manufacturers, and help you navigate the sometimes confusing world of wholesale trade in this sector.
Why Choose Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers?
Turkey has a long tradition in manufacturing various goods, including textiles, footwear, and sports equipment. Over the years, Turkish manufacturers have improved their technology and quality controls, making them competitive globally. The sports equipment sector in Turkey is diverse, ranging from fitness gear, football equipment, basketball products, to outdoor sports accessories.
Historically, Turkish manufacturers have been appreciated for their craftsmanship and use of durable materials. Besides, the strategic location of Turkey, bridging Europe and Asia, offers logistic advantages for international buyers who want fast and cost-effective shipping.
Step 1: Identify Trusted Turkish Sports Equipment Suppliers
Finding a reliable supplier in Turkey is not always easy due to the wide number of options and varying quality standards. Here are practical steps to identify trustworthy manufacturers:
- Search through established trade directories such as Istanbul Chamber of Commerce or Turkey Exporters Assembly.
- Visit popular B2B marketplaces like Alibaba, Global Sources, or TurkishExporter with filters for verified manufacturers.
- Attend trade fairs like ISPO Istanbul or Sport Show Turkey to meet manufacturers in person.
- Check for certifications like ISO 9001, CE marking, or other quality standards.
- Request samples before making a bulk purchase to test the quality.
Choosing suppliers who are willing to communicate openly and provide clear product specifications reduces the risk of misunderstandings. Many Turkish manufacturers offer customization options which could be beneficial for your brand.
Step 2: Understand Wholesale Secrets in Turkish Sports Equipment Industry
Wholesale buying from Turkey is different than just buying retail products. There are some secrets to get the best deals and ensure smooth transactions:
- Minimum Order Quantities (MOQ): Most Turkish manufacturers set MOQs, which could range from 100 to 1000 units depending on the product. Negotiating MOQs might be possible if you show commitment or plan for long-term partnership.
- Price Negotiation: Turkish suppliers expect some level of negotiation. It’s common to get discounts for bulk orders or repeat business.
- Payment Terms: Usually, Turkish suppliers ask for a 30% advance payment and the balance after shipment. Be careful to verify payment methods to avoid scams.
- Lead Time: Manufacturing and delivery times can vary, especially during peak seasons. Clarify lead times upfront to avoid delays.
- Shipping Options: Many Turkish manufacturers offer FOB (Free on Board) or CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) terms. Understand the difference and choose based on your logistics preference.
Step 3: Compare Turkish Manufacturers with Other Countries
Turkey’s sports equipment manufacturing competes with countries like China, India, and Vietnam. Here are some comparison points:
- Quality: Turkish products often have better quality control compared to some Asian manufacturers.
- Price: Generally, Turkey offers competitive prices but can be slightly higher than China.
- Shipping Time: Turkey’s proximity to Europe reduces shipping times significantly.
- Communication: Language barriers tend to be less of an issue in Turkey compared to some other countries.
- Customization: Turkish manufacturers are known to be more flexible with product customization.
This comparison helps buyers decide if Turkey suits their needs better than other sourcing countries.
Practical Example: Partnering with a Turkish Football Equipment Manufacturer
Imagine you want to import football kits and related gear. You start by searching for Turkish manufacturers specializing in football equipment. After shortlisting a few, you request samples of jerseys, boots, and training accessories. You find one manufacturer located near Istanbul with ISO certification and competitive prices.
You negotiate the MOQ and payment terms, agreeing on 500 kits with a 30% deposit. The manufacturer agrees to customize the jerseys with your logo. After receiving and approving the samples, you sign a contract and arrange shipping via FOB Istanbul port.
Because you chose a trusted supplier, the shipment arrives on time and the quality matches your expectations. This partnership opens doors for future collaborations and bulk orders.
Key Things to Remember When Working with Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers
- Always verify the supplier’s credentials before making payments.
- Request clear product specifications and samples.
- Understand Turkish business culture, which values relationships and trust.
- Be prepared to negotiate prices and terms.
- Keep communication channels open and document every agreement.
Summary Table: Turkish Sports Equipment Wholesale At A Glance
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Common Products | Football gear, fitness equipment, outdoor accessories |
| MOQ Range | 100 to 1000 units |
| Payment Terms | 30 |
Unlocking Wholesale Discounts: Secrets from Leading Turkish Sports Equipment Producers
Unlocking Wholesale Discounts: Secrets from Leading Turkish Sports Equipment Producers
When it comes to sports equipment, Turkey has been rapidly becoming a significant player in the global market. Turkish sports equipment manufacturers offers competitive pricing and quality products which attract wholesalers worldwide. However, unlocking wholesale discounts from these producers sometimes seems like a mystery to many buyers. The secrets behind getting the best deals from Turkish sports equipment manufacturers are not widely known, but understanding a few key factors can make a big difference. This article explores how you can discover wholesale secrets and guides you through the process of working with Turkish sports equipment manufacturers effectively.
Why Choose Turkish Sports Equipment Manufacturers?
Turkey has a long history of manufacturing textiles and sporting goods, due to its strategic location between Europe and Asia. Today, many Turkish companies produce everything from footballs, basketballs, to gym equipment and outdoor gear. The quality often rivals that of European brands but at a lower cost. This is due to:
- Lower labor costs compared to Western Europe.
- Access to high-quality raw materials like leather and textiles.
- Advanced manufacturing technology adopted by many firms.
- Proximity to major shipping routes for easier export.
Moreover, Turkish manufacturers have been investing heavily in research and development, so their sports equipment meets international standards, sometimes even gaining certifications like ISO and CE. This ensures wholesalers receive products that are durable and reliable.
Understanding Wholesale Pricing in Turkey
Wholesale discounts in Turkey are not fixed and vary depending on several factors. Unlike retail, wholesale prices depends heavily on order quantity and negotiation skills. Usually, Turkish sports equipment producers offer tiered pricing – the more you buy, the larger discount you get. For example:
| Order Quantity (Units) | Discount Rate (%) |
|---|---|
| 1-100 | 0-5 |
| 101-500 | 6-12 |
| 501-1000 | 13-20 |
| 1001+ | 21-30+ |
These rates are approximate but reflect common practice. Additionally, payment terms can influence pricing. Manufacturers often give better rates for upfront payments or letters of credit instead of delayed payments.
Secrets to Unlocking Better Deals
Many wholesalers fail to get best prices due to lack of knowledge or poor communication. Here are some insider tips to improve your chances of securing wholesale discounts:
Build Long-Term Relationships: Turkish producers value trust highly. If you show commitment to repeated purchases, they will more likely offer better deals and priority on stock.
Understand Production Cycles: Knowing when manufacturers have excess inventory or new product launches can help you negotiate discounts during slow periods.
Buy Bundles or Mixed Products: Sometimes ordering a combination of equipment types yields better discounts than buying single product lines.
Leverage Local Trade Fairs: Attending sports equipment exhibitions in Istanbul or other Turkish cities allows you to meet producers face-to-face and negotiate better terms.
Be Clear on Specifications: Providing detailed product requirements reduces back-and-forth and helps manufacturers quote accurate prices quickly.
Use a Local Agent or Consultant: Language barriers and cultural differences might hinder communication. A local representative can assist negotiations and ensure you don’t miss hidden opportunities.
Comparing Turkish Manufacturers with Other Countries
To see why Turkey is a strong contender in sports equipment wholesale, compare it with other popular manufacturing hubs like China, India, and Vietnam.
| Criteria | Turkey | China | India | Vietnam |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average Price Level | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Quality Standards | High | Variable | Variable | Moderate |
| Lead Time | Short to Medium | Medium to Long | Medium | Medium |
| Trade Agreements | EU Customs Benefits | Many FTAs | Limited | Growing |
| Cultural Compatibility | High (Europe) | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Turkey’s advantage is its geographic location and quality assurance, which makes it a preferred supplier for European and Middle Eastern markets. On the other hand, China offers lower prices but sometimes suffers in product consistency.
Practical Example: How a Wholesaler Saved 25% on Bulk Orders
A European wholesaler wanted to import basketballs and gym mats in bulk from Turkey. Initially, the quoted price was higher than expected. After researching, the wholesaler decided to:
- Increase the order volume from 300 to 700 units.
- Pay 50% upfront to secure a discount.
- Attend the Istanbul Sports Expo to meet the manufacturer.
- Agree to buy mixed products including footballs and volleyballs.
By doing this, the wholesaler managed to negotiate a 25% discount overall, reduced shipping costs by using consolidated freight, and established a reliable supply chain.
Wholesale Guide Checklist for Turkish Sports Equipment Buyers
Before placing an order, ensure you:
- Verify the manufacturer’s certifications and licenses.
- Request product samples for
Conclusion
In conclusion, Turkish sports equipment manufacturers offer a compelling combination of quality, innovation, and competitive pricing, making them an ideal choice for wholesalers seeking to expand their product range. With a rich tradition in textile production and a growing focus on advanced materials and technology, these manufacturers cater to a wide variety of sports, from football and basketball to fitness and outdoor activities. Their ability to customize products and meet international standards ensures that wholesalers can confidently supply diverse markets. Moreover, the strategic location of Turkey as a bridge between Europe and Asia facilitates efficient logistics and distribution. For wholesalers looking to capitalize on the global demand for sports gear, partnering with Turkish manufacturers presents a valuable opportunity to access reliable products and foster long-term business growth. Now is the perfect time to explore these manufacturers and elevate your wholesale offerings in the dynamic sports equipment industry.